Whirlpool Use and Whirlpool Temperatures for Physical Therapy

In physical therapy, whirlpool refers to a special kind of bathtub used in water baths or hydrotherapy. Whirlpools generate air bubbles and water from pumps placed at strategic points allowing the flow of air and water to massage specific muscles of the body. The intensity of circulation of air and water provides either gentle or deep massage. Whirlpools can be either cold or hot with adjustable whirlpool temperatures for physical therapy.

There are different types of whirlpools. They can be permanent fixtures or portable sets. Some whirlpool designs allow full body submersion and others are made for treatment of extremities only. There are cold whirlpools, which is often for treatment of single parts of the body, and warm whirlpools, for full body therapy.

Whirlpool

Usually, cold whirlpool temperatures for physical therapy are set at a range of 50º F to 70º F while warm whirlpool temperatures for physical therapy ranges from 100º F to 110º F. Depending on the temperature, whirlpool treatments can last from 10 minutes up to 30 minutes.

Whirlpool Use and Whirlpool Temperatures for Physical Therapy

Whirlpools are ideal for improving circulation and performing range of movement exercises. In addition, wound care is one of the common uses of whirlpools in physical therapy. Warm whirlpool temperatures for physical therapy wound treatment cleanse wounds; increases blood circulation in the wounded area as well as relieve pain. It also helps soften necrotic tissues and reduce wound infections.

Physical therapists follow a guide for the administration of whirlpool treatment for wound care. Typically, patients undergo whirlpool treatment once to twice every day for 20 minutes. Depending on your wound, whirlpool treatment may include the use of an antiseptic. After whirlpool, the therapist rinses the wound with water to remove any residues.

Therapists closely monitor whirlpool temperatures for physical therapy. Usually, therapists keep the water temperature at 92 °F to 96 °F and not exceeding 38 °C for patients with cardiopulmonary disease. The higher the temperature of the water the greater is the blood circulation.

Health care clinics and facilities have strict policies when it comes to sanitation in whirlpool or water therapy. Personnel must properly clean whirlpool tanks and use disinfectants to prevent infections.

Whirlpool treatment is not for all wound patients. There are also only certain types of wounds that can really benefit from this treatment. Some wounds may even become worse with this method of care. Your therapist will evaluate if whirlpool treatment is suitable to your health condition and type of wound.

Whirlpool Use and Whirlpool Temperatures for Physical Therapy

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Small Bathroom Design Problem Solved With A Small Toilet

A small toilet could be the key to your bathroom-remodeling problem

Remodeling small bathrooms can be difficult especially when you try to fit more into your makeover bathroom than you had in your old one. The key to solving your problem could lie in the design of your new toilet.

Fitting more stuff in your small bathroom

Small Bathroom Design Problem Solved With A Small Toilet

This was the situation that I found myself in when I remodeled my very small bathroom. I wanted to turn the place into a beautiful ceramic heaven that all my family and guests would be pleased to use. I also wanted to add a separate shower cubicle to replace the shower over the bathtub that I hated and this is where the problem lay.

My little bathroom was already crowded with just a bathtub, toilet, washbasin and radiator but I desperately wanted a new shower so I set to work on the design. I armed myself with measuring tape, pencil and graph paper which can be printed for free from here Free Graph Paper for Bathroom remodeling and used it to rearrange the items in bathroom on paper.

By moving the radiator over the bathtub and the washbasin to the opposite wall I managed to free up quite a lot of space but I could see that I still didn't have enough room for the toilet. At least not for one the same size as I had already.

The problems with toilets

The main problem with a lot of toilets is that they take up too much wall space. Not only are the cisterns or tanks too wide but they also often tend to have the water inlet and overflow on the side of the tank, which takes up even more wall space. So I started to look for toilets that would fit into the space that I had available and found that there is quite a lot to choose from.

Choose a small toilet with a bottom inlet feed

I was pleasantly surprised when I started to look for small toilets. I found some that were so tiny that they would fit almost anywhere. Unfortunately they would be very little use for anyone but the most petite of us because they would be completely impractical.

So it's a compromise that we are looking for. A toilet that is big enough to be used by all, and small enough to fit into the available space. You should be able to find small toilets that have cisterns of 16 inches width or less with plumbing that enters from the bottom rather than the side.

The plumbing arrangement helps a lot because side entry takes up a lot of room. The toilet that I chose even directs the overflow into the waste outlet rather than requiring a side-exit pipe to carry it away.

I managed to fit my new small toilet next to my nice new shower cubicle and it all worked out great. I hope that yours does too.

Small Bathroom Design Problem Solved With A Small Toilet
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History of Washing Machines - Who Invented the Washing Machine?

When people first started washing their clothes, it was done by pounding them against rocks and then washing away the dirt in a stream or river. While onboard ships, the crew used to put their dirty clothes in a cloth sack and tie a rope around the top. They would then drop the bag overboard and let the water agitate the clothes in the wake of the ship. There is evidence that ancient laundry detergent was made from the ashes of sacrificial animals in Rome. Other soaps include the use of perfumes and lye.

Washing clothes by hand was one of the most difficult tasks of housekeeping until the invention of the washer. It was very tiring to the arms of the women and the lye often caused burns. Women often hired out help with the laundry or took it to a cleaner who used the same process.

Whirlpool

It took many years for the washing machine to develop into what most people are familiar with today. You can now find machines that steam your clothes, wash in two different fabric cycles within the same load, and those that use only a few gallons of water. Advances in technology have certainly brought about huge changes in washing machines and their use.

History of Washing Machines - Who Invented the Washing Machine?

Two Types of Hand Washers

In 1797, the very first washing machine of sorts was invented. It was a scrub board. This allowed women to quit pounding the laundry against a rock. In 1851, James King invented the drum washing machine, but it was still a hand powered washer. This machine used a hand powered spinner to agitate the water.

Rotary/Spinning Washing Machine

The first rotary washing machine was patented in 1858 by Hamilton Smith. Less than 20 years later, in 1874, William Blackstone presented his wife with a birthday present. It was the first washer designed to get rid of dirt in clothes by washing it away. He had made the machine convenient for use in the home. However, most of these machines were made of steel and had heavy, dirty lids. Some were actually made with wooden tubs.

The Thor

The first completely electric washing machine was called The Thor. The Hurley Machine Company, located in Chicago, Illinois, introduced this machine in 1908. The washing machines had an electric motor and a large, galvanized tub. The washer was actually invented by Alva Fisher and a patent was issued in 1910. One of the biggest problems with the early electric machines was that the water would drip down in to the electrical wiring and would result in shorts, sparks, or shocks.

A Few Interesting Facts About Famous Washing Machine Companies

In 1893, F.L. Maytag started a farm implement company. When business seemed slow in the winter, he decided to add a wooden tub washer in 1907. Soon, he began to make washing machines full time and Maytag was born.

Whirlpool actually began in 1911 as Upton Machine Company. Located in St. Joseph, Michigan, it started with the wringer washer with an electric motor.

The Schulthess Group has been around over 150 years. They started production of the first washers in 1909. They also backed the inventions of a punched card control for those washers in 1949. By 1951, the Schulthess Group started producing Europe's automatic washers.

General Electric was the first company to actually produce a washing machine that had five different push buttons. These were used to control the water temperature, spin speed, and the agitation speed. This was in 1957. This finally brought the washing machine to something that resembles what the world is used to today.

History of Washing Machines - Who Invented the Washing Machine?

Sandesh Vikhare is the webmaster of washing machine reviews website offering advise on different brands like LG, GE, Maytag, Bosch washing machines and other leading names.

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Avoid Torn Ligaments, Tendons - Exercise Properly!

Many of my patients are very active and exercise every day. This is a good thing, but some of them overdo it or they fail to warm up properly and wind up with torn ligaments and/or tendons. These can be very painful and may necessitate surgery to repair them. Instead of being active and feeling great, these common athletic injuries can have you sitting on the sidelines for several weeks.

If you're someone who exercises frequently, I'd like to talk to you about how to take care of your ligaments and tendons to avoid injury. First let me give you a little basic anatomy lesson about what your ligaments and tendons do and the most common injuries that occur.

Ligaments and Tendons Help You Move

Avoid Torn Ligaments, Tendons - Exercise Properly!

When you think of going for your daily run, do you realize that there are several ligaments and tendons in your ankles, knees, hips, that if they weren't there, your legs wouldn't be able to move properly? Or when you play basketball, they enable your shoulders to keep your arms up so you can make that slam dunk? That's right. Without them, you couldn't participate in your favorite sports. That's why they're so important to consider before exercising.

Ligaments are flexible cord-like structures that are attached to your bones. They connect your bones/joints together so that they can move correctly. They act like shocks in your car, absorbing the impact of your movements on your bones. Although ligaments are very flexible and have a lot of bend and give to them, they can sometimes give too far, stretch beyond their limit and sprain or sometimes even tear.

Tendons are very similar to ligaments, they are made out of basically the same collagen material as your ligaments, but they have a different job. Tendons attach your muscles to your bones so your muscles and skeletal structure move together when you go for a run. Tendons are also very flexible and stretch quite a bit. Like ligaments, though, they can stretch too far and sprain and/or tear as well.

Common Injuries of Ligaments and Tendons

There are many ways you can injure ligaments and tendons that don't involve playing sports. For example, in a job that requires repetitive motions of lifting heavier objects overhead may put strain on your shoulder, elbow, or wrist ligaments and tendons. If you do a lot of walking while at work, or are on your feet most the day, you could put stress on ankles, knees, and hips, especially the Achilles and knee tendons and ligaments.

However, most ligament and tendon injuries do come from participating in sports, especially where there is direct foot/ground impact, or players crunching into each other, falling or running into barriers. Let's look at some of the most common, starting from the shoulders down:

•AC injuries: The acromioclavicular ligament - a big word that can be a big pain. 40% of ACL injuries occur in sports involving primarily the shoulder and upper arm like basketball, baseball, football and even overhead lifting in weight training. Injury to 1 or all 4 of the ACL ligaments usually occurs by either direct force - during a fall directly onto the shoulder with the arm held at the side, or by indirect force - during a fall onto an outstretched arm. There are six grades of severity of ACL ligament injury, all depending on how damaged the ligament is. Symptoms: Pain and swelling over the shoulder joint, restricted movement due to pain, laxity, or wrong movement, of the shoulder joint itself.

•UCL/LCL injuries: The ulnar and lateral collateral ligaments - these are 2 ligaments of the elbow that can be injured doing repetitive back and forth movements such that occur in "throwing" sports like baseball (most common), football and racquet sports like tennis, hockey, polo, javelin throwing. Symptoms: Pain, sometimes swelling along the inner elbow, bruising if the ligament was ruptured, closing/opening the hand, making a fist causes pain.

•Elbow Tendinitis: Tennis elbow and golfer's elbow are the most common injuries to the elbow and affect the medial (middle) and lateral (side) epicondyles (tendons) of the elbow. This is a painful inflammation and stiffness caused by overuse and may recur frequently. It occurs most often in racquet sports or activities where there is repetitive back and forth movement of the elbow. Symptoms: Pain, swelling, stiffness of the joint, loss of range of motion.

•ACL injuries: The anterior cruciate ligament is one of the 4 stabilizing ligaments of the knee. An ACL sprain or tear is a very common injury in people who exercise moderately to heavily and occurs most frequently in women. It occurs from force placed on the knee from a twisting body movement where the foot is planted firmly on the ground, overstretching the ligament. Symptoms: A pop or crackle sound at the moment of injury may be heard, it is very painful, swelling of the knee occurs, and you cannot straighten out the leg.

•Achilles tendon injuries: The Achilles tendon is the largest and thickest tendon of the body and connects the heel to the lower leg muscles. It can be subject to several times the weight of your body in pushing off into a run or sprint. The Achilles tendon can be injured by improper support in shoes, accidents, or even some medications can weaken it. Achilles tendon tightness is also associated with heel spurs which can be very painful and prevent you from doing any foot/ground impact sports for several weeks. Symptoms: Soreness/stiffness especially noted getting out of bed. An Achilles tear may start with a sudden pop heard at time of injury with immediate pain and inability to stand on the leg.

Treatments for Sprained or Torn Ligaments and Tendons

If you've ever had a ligament or tendon injury you know how painful and debilitating it can be. Treatments of these injuries depend on how badly damaged the ligament or tendon is. In mild to moderate injuries, treatment usually includes:

•The RICE formula (rest, ice, compression, elevation)

•A short course of anti-inflammatory medications.

Elbow tendon and shoulder ligament injuries can take longer to heal as it is difficult to completely rest the ligaments and tendons of these areas.

More severe sprains and/or tears may often involve the following:

•Surgery to the ligament or tendon to restore the proper tension to keep bones/joint in proper alignment for correct movement. X-rays and/or MRI films are used to see how badly the ligament or tendon injury is.

•Arthroscopic surgery of the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee sometimes is necessary to repair the ligament. Under anesthesia, several ports are made in the knee for an insertion of an arthroscope to enable the surgeon to see/repair the ligament directly.

•AC ligament separations or tears: Reconnective/reconstructive surgery is often necessary.
Recovery from ACL and AC ligament injuries can be slow and may require several weeks of physical therapy. Afterwards treatments include whirlpool, range of motion exercises, direct ultrasound stimulation, heat, and/or ice to the affected areas.

Preventing Ligament and Tendon Injuries

As I tell my patients, the best way to avoid ligament and tendon injuries is to make sure you take time to warm up before exercising. I can't stress how important this is, especially in people just starting an exercise regimen, as ligament and tendon injuries can seriously curb their enthusiasm for future exercise. Here are some basic tips on how to warm up each section of ligaments and tendons that are most prone to injury:

•General stretching: Lay on the floor, raise your arms overhead and stretch out like a cat does, slowly twisting in several directions. Do this for about 5 minutes, breathing in deeply as you go. Your muscles, tendons, ligaments all need oxygen to fire correctly.

•Shoulder shrug/rotations: Slowly shrug your shoulders, bring them up to your ears and rotate them backward slowly. This loosens up tension in the large muscles of the neck and shoulders.

•Elbow stretches: Hold your arm out straight ahead, slowly flex your hand/arm back towards you to the mid position and stop, lower your hand back down.

•Leg stretches: Stand straight, bend over and touch the floor with your fingertips and then slowly, gradually try to flatten your palm on the floor. Be sure to keep your feet flat on the floor and do not twist to the side. This stretches your hamstrings and loosens up tight knee and leg muscles.

•Achilles stretches: Stand facing a wall, about 1 foot away from it, lean into the wall, placing the palms of your hands on it. Extend one leg back behind you on the ball of your foot. Slowly, deliberately, bounce your heel towards the floor. This stretches out the Achilles tendon and helps to avoid heel spurs as well from a tight Achilles pulling on the calcaneus bone.

•Weight Train: Start with light weight training to strengthen ligaments and tendons, build up gradually.

•Get Enough Sleep: Inadequate sleep doesn't allow your muscles, tendons, ligaments to re-strengthen themselves correctly and makes them more prone to injury.

•Drink Water! Your muscles, ligaments and tendons, need water to move fluidly and remove lactic acid that builds up during exercise. It also helps create adequate fluid for joint cushioning. Drink half your body weight in ounces of water per day, more if you are exercising in very hot, humid weather. Sport drinks can also help keep you hydrated.

Exercise does your health a world of good. Injuries to ligaments and tendons, however, can really put a damper on your fitness goals. It's better to do a little exercise everyday than to do the 'weekend warrior' thing and wind up straining and/or hurting yourself. Remember, exercise should be fun and not be something that lands you on the couch watching television waiting to heal!

Mark Bromson, M.D.

http://www.vitalmaxvitamins.com

Avoid Torn Ligaments, Tendons - Exercise Properly!
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Handling Your Own Shower Drain Installation Project

Upgrading a bathroom is one of the more popular home improvement projects. Handling the plumbing for draining your shower can be exceedingly simple unless you go overboard.

Whether you are a bathtub or shower person, most people look for shower only options when buying a home. This simple fact means more than a few homeowners spend a weekend upgrading or installing showers in their bathrooms. Fortunately for you, it is a fairly simple process.

A collector or pan refers to the horizontal surface located at the bottom of the shower. The collector typically consists of a non-slip surface slightly banked towards the center or wherever the drain is located. Combined with three to four inch walls around the side, the goal of your shower drainage plumbing is to get the water to flow to and down the drain.

Handling Your Own Shower Drain Installation Project

You can physically build a collector for your new shower, but you really need to think about it. Do you really want to get into the complications of getting the sloping correct, not to mention making sure every aspect of it is waterproof? And I mean every aspect! It is much easier to simply buy a pre-cast collector online or at your local Lowes, Home Depot or hardware store. Building one might sound like a great idea, but you will probably feel differently after a couple of hours.

Regardless of how you go about getting a pan, you should make every effort to use one that has the drain located in the same spot as the original pan. Moving the drain pipes can be a task, particularly if the builder used a unique framing structure. If you are determined to move the drain, you are going to have to cut back the pipe or lengthen it, which may mean ripping up large chunks of the floor. Put another way, you are going to be looking at a multiple weekend project.

Assuming we have our drain lined up, the actual hook up is fairly simple. The drainage pipe should be facing vertical up to the collector. It will often look like a "U", which means it acts as a cleanout to keep nasty smells from coming back up from the drain. To connect the drain, you are going to create a water tight connection between a drain cap on the top of the pan and the drainage pipe. Systems vary, but you are typically going to do this by putting a coupling piece on the top of the drainage pipe. This is then covered with gaskets and literally screwed into the drain cap. The drain cap should act as a locknut, to wit, it screws directly onto the coupling.

The tricky part of this process is getting your drain cap to fit into a watertight position in the pan. This is accomplished by backing off the drain cap once you are sure everything fits together. At that point, you put plumbers putty around the underside of the cap and then screw it back on. The putty should form a tight seal between the cap and the shower pan, which keeps water from trickling under it and into the framing under the shower.

Obviously, bathroom showers come in a wide variety of styles these days. If you purchase a collector, they almost always come with plumbing instructions or the store can note anything unusual you should know. It sounds complex, but is typically pretty straight forward. Have fun!

Handling Your Own Shower Drain Installation Project
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